LEARNING TO READ AND IMPROVING READING
HOW STUDENTS LEARN TO READ
• There are many complex skills that work together in proficient reading.
• Decoding is referred to as word recognition, the ability to recognise printed words accurately and quickly to efficiently gain access to the appropriate word meanings.
• Language comprehension is the ability to extract and construct literal and inferred meaning from speech.
•Reading comprehension is the combined ability to extract and construct meaning from language represented in print.
• It is important that children start with learning letter sounds, rather than letter names, when learning to read. Being able to pronounce the 44 sounds of English correctly is important.
• Decodable readers are in the early years are essential. Decodable readers are books specifically designed to align with phonics instruction, matching a progressive sequence and developing in phonics knowledge, word complexity and word count. Decodable readers consist of words that follow the phonetic rules and patterns that students have been explicitly taught, allowing them to apply their decoding skills systematically and successfully. These books are written using a controlled vocabulary that emphasises specific phonetic sounds, making it easier for beginning readers to decode and read the text independently.
• Home readers (early years) are at the independent level for the child. This means that they are familiar with the phonemes (sounds) and are confident to read with little or no help. This allows the child to practise their reading to build fluency (and expression) and their comprehension skills.
WHAT YOU CAN DO AT HOME TO HELP YOUR CHILD
• It is important to read high-quality texts to children and asking 'queries' throughout, to check for understanding. Ongoing opportunities for talking after reading to your children, such as five-finger retells or changing the characters' names or setting to create a new version of the story.
• The first step in tackling an unknown word is by segmenting (breaking a word into sounds) and blending graphemes (letters) and phonemes (sounds).
• An important part of comprehension is understanding the words. Students with a vast vocabulary have an advantage over students with limited word knowledge when it comes to comprehending what they read. Talking about the meaning of new words and modelling and encouraging the use of extensive vocabulary is helpful. Building general knowledge through podcasts, documentaries, visits to museums and talking to children about a range of topics and experiences can help to build and develop vocabulary and comprehension.